TUBERCULOSIS Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of infection-related mortality in the world and is the leading cause of death among people living with HIV (PLHIV). According to the WHO, 10 million people contracted tuberculosis and 1.4 million died of it during 2019 including 208,000 who were HIV positive. Children are also particularly affected by the disease, with around 1.2 million cases reported globally in 2019. In 2014, the WHO developed the End TB strategy, which aims to achieve a 95% reduction in mortality and a 90% reduction in new cases by 2035 compared to 2015. This strategy requires improved diagnosis of TB, improved treatment especially of multi-resistant strains, preventive approaches and continued collaboration between TB and HIV programmes. Solthis is involved with this initiative in Sierra Leone through the TB-SPEED project, whose objective is to improve screening for tuberculosis in children under 5 years old. In fact, most children with tuberculosis are not diagnosed or reported and so do not receive appropriate treatment. This is due to the lack of diagnostic capacity for tuberculosis in children in many primary health centres and, childhood tuberculosis services are concentrated in regional and national level health facilities, which limits access in remote areas. died of tuberculosis in 2019, making the epidemic the world’s leading infectious killer. Tuberculosis is curable and avoidable, but it remains a major health problem in low- and middle-income countries (WHO, 2019). children contracted tuberculosis worldwide in 2019. In children and adolescents, the disease is often not recognised by healthcare providers, and it can be difficult to diagnose and treat (WHO, 2019). HEALTH PRIORITIES INFECTIOUS AND EMERGING DISEASES ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGE OF UNDER DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN Solthis participe à cette stratégie en Sierra Leone à travers le projet TB-speed, dont l’objectif est d’améliorer le dépistage de la tuberculose chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans. En effet, une majorité des enfants atteint•e•s de tuberculose ne sont pas diagnostiqué•e•s ou déclaré•e•s et ne bénéficient donc pas de traitements appropriés. Ceci est dû à l’absence de capacités diagnostiques de la tuberculose chez les enfants dans beaucoup de centres de santé primaires car les services de tuberculose infantile sont concentrés dans les établissements de santé des niveaux régionaux et nationaux, ce qui limite l’accès dans les zones éloignées.